on factors influencing time and frequency of application like growth stage of the crop, threshold levels or development stage of pest or infestation level). The product should be tested at a dose range that accommodates for environmental and target pest variability. The recommended application dose would be recommended based on the results of the official field testing. The spray volume should be uniform for all the plots and should be used as per recommendations on the label/leaflet. For sprays, data on concentration (%) and volume (litre/ha) should also be given. The spray volume (litre/ha) will be appropriate to the stage of the crop. Type of assessment depends on the type of the insect-pest(s)/disease(s) under investigation but normally by number of insects on selected plants or by percentage of damage or percentage of infection per unit area of plant parts on selected plants in the trial Botanical pesticide assessments are adjusted to the mode of action of the product under question, the type of plots, and the biology of the pest population. Because botanicals show also long-term effects, it might be considered to observe during a whole cropping season. The crop should be examined for presence or absence of phytotoxic effects. The type and extent of these effects should be recorded including major symptoms of pesticide phytotoxicity on crops as defined in FAO guidelines for phytotoxicity assessment in protocol FAO/AP/027. In addition, any positive effects (phytotonic) of test product on crop growth and yield should also be noted. If the proposed label claims an effect on yield then yield should be included in the field evaluation of the product. Quantitative and/or qualitative yield should be recorded where relevant in each treatment and should preferably be converted into kg/ha for statistical comparison. The results should be reported in a systematic form and the report should include an analysis and evaluation. The report of the trial should include a biological dossier containing the individual efficacy trial reports or their summaries and record keeping and reporting of individual trials (field note book, trial report including objective of the trial, organisational aspects, methodology, results, discussions and conclusions). 73 2.2.4 Doses and Volumes Used 3. MODE OF ASSESSMENT, RECORDING AND MEASUREMENTS 3.1 Characterisation of the location Characteristics of the location are presented here, including coordinates, elevation, climatic zone, etc. 3.2 Type, Time and Frequency of Assessment 3.2.1 Type 3.2.2 Time and Frequency 3.3 Direct Effects on the Crop 3.4 Quantitative and/or Qualitative Recording of Yield 4. RESULTS (REPORTING)
Implementing Biological Control Agents in the ASEAN Region
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