as operating pressure, nozzle type, spray volume, depth of incorporation in soil) should be recorded, together with any deviation in dosage of more than 10%. Other application techniques, different to spraying, will also need proper description. Precaution should be taken to avoid drift between plots, where relevant, by holding a screen around the The time and frequency of application will normally be specified on the (proposed) label/leaflet. The number of applications and the date of each application should be recorded. (Additional general information on factors influencing time and frequency of application like growth stage of the crop, threshold levels or development stage of pest or infestation level). As specified in the Annex, many microbials should be used in a preventative manner rather than curative; that means these products are applied when pest/disease incidence is in the lower range and insect stages are young, for instance. Different modes of action when compared with synthetic pesticides usually result in a longer reaction time between application and the observation of visible effects. Thus, proper timing of application is crucial for success. The product should be tested at a dose range that accommodates for environmental and target pest variability. The recommended application dose would be recommended based on the results of the official field testing. The spray volume should be uniform for all the plots and should be used as per recommendations on the label/leaflet. For sprays, data on concentration (%) and volume (litre/ha) should also be given. The spray volume (litre/ha) will be appropriate to the stage of the crop. Type of assessment depends on the type of the insect-pest(s)/disease(s) under investigation but normally by number of insects on selected plants or by percentage of damage or percentage of infection per unit area of plant parts on selected plants in the trial. Microbial pesticide assessments are adjusted to the mode of action of the product under question, the type of plots, and the biology of the pest population. Because microbials show also long-term effects, it is recommended to observe during a whole cropping season. 69 plot being treated. 2.2.3 Time and Frequency of Application 2.2.4 Doses and Volumes Used 3. MODE OF ASSESSMENT, RECORDING AND MEASUREMENTS 3.1 Characterisation of the location Characteristics of the location are presented here, including coordinates, elevation, climatic zone, etc. 3.2 Type, Time and Frequency of Assessment 3.2.1 Type 3.2.2 Time and Frequency 3.3 Direct Effects on the Crop
Implementing Biological Control Agents in the ASEAN Region
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