• Training and awareness for farmers and extension officers (role in IPM, resource material for • Use for agricultural certification (including ‘organic’ production) • Participation of the private sector • Developing protocols for BCA efficacy studies • ‘Good manufacturing practices’ and testing of quality • Resource material that can easily be translated and used for making leaflets, posters, etc. • Influencing policy on IPM, R&D, etc. • Promoting trade of BCA among AMS Primary overall objectives must therefore include the creation of conditions where the private sector can see sustained profitability for high quality BCA products (with accompanying advice to farmers and growers). This requires: (a) effective but minimal regulation; (b) formulation of mutual goals and good communication between governments and the private inputs sector. In practice, this could be approached through designation of policies that actively encourage or even mandate the use of BCA and other sustainable crop management approaches. Introduction of biology-based IPM principles into ASEAN GAP protocols would be a good start. (c) incentives for the commercialisation of products in research; (d) identification of further needs and resources to provide appropriate BCA; (e) improvement of access by farmers and growers to the premium markets for high quality food. In Chapter 3, a number of pest management situations were identified in which BCA have a • Pest management in crop ecosystems where misuse of conventional pesticides is known to • Pest management where conventional pesticide application techniques have been vitiated by high cost, pesticide resistance or poor efficacy (e.g. control of Bactrocera species complex and Plutella xylostella); • Crops with a high risk of pesticide residues (especially vegetables and fruit); • The limited but high-value ‘organic’ sector. Besides biology-based private companies and their associations, national governments and public research institutes continue to play their role as knowledge hubs and producers and distributors of BCA. As discussed among the ASEAN regional BCA experts, exemplary government initiatives include: • Mass production and release of parasitoids and other beneficial organisms: Thailand (e.g. Diadegma semiclausum, Anagyrus lopezi), the Philippines (e.g. Trichogramma sp.), Lao PDR (e.g. Trichogramma sp., A. lopezi), Malaysia (e.g. Asecodes hispinarum), Vietnam (e.g. A. lopezi ); • Area-wide pest management: Indonesia (fruit fly mass trapping programmes), Vietnam (e.g. 50 farmer-field-schools) strong and immediate potential role in key agricultural crops. These can be summarised as: be deleterious (e.g. resurgence of rice BPH); fruit fly mass trapping and baiting).
Implementing Biological Control Agents in the ASEAN Region
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