countries in Southeast Asia had to varying degrees data requirements and procedures in place that related to the folders: identification/characterisation (A), toxicology (B), bio-efficacy (C), residue data (D), human health exposure/environmental fate and effects (F), and additional data requirements (G). However, harmonisation in the sense of availability of a basic set of identical or closely matching data requirements among AMS was not apparent. It was noted that “Harmonized pesticide registration in the region would…allow for the application of similar requirements and quality standards. Since many of the countries face similar problems, greater coordination and more information exchange among pesticide authorities would help overcome these challenges. However, insufficient trained manpower and quality control facilities are serious impediments in some countries.” (49) In 2013, the ASEAN group of regulatory experts examined in detail the status of the regulatory situation, focusing on the four major categories of BCA outlined in Chapter 1. A brief overview that synthesises the analyses of FAO (during an APPPC Workshop for Enhancement of Regional Collaboration in Pesticide Regulatory Management in November 2012) and the ASEAN experts is given in the list below. Please refer to Table 1 for the number of registered products in some countries and to Appendix I for registered active ingredients and their target pests and diseases. • Brunei Darussalam: Products containing azadirachtin, citronella oil, methyl eugenol and Bt have been approved to be imported into the country (under Ministry of Health and DoAA) – mainly for government trials. However, the approval procedures of these products followed those of chemical pesticides; application would be handled case by case; a MSDS is required. • Cambodia: The recent law on Management of Pesticide and Fertilizer was promulgated in early February 2012. There were five main regulations under this law that have been developed and approved in 2013 for implementation, particularly the regulations on the procedure and standard requirements for the registration of pesticides/fertilizers; the pesticides list of the Kingdom Of Cambodia; the procedures of Pesticides and Fertilizers Trade. Now, the trade activity of pesticide products is fully enforced, with a set of obligations for the trader’s implementation, including registration of products, import license, formulations/repackage license, distribution license, and where registration and wholesale/retail permits are required. Post-registration activities are monitored and controlled by the primary and the pre-distribution inspection. Department of Agricultural Legislation and the Provincial Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) are working as judicial police in law enforcement for all activities related to pesticide/fertilizer trades and uses. With regard to BCA management, its terminology and the lawful term of pesticides was already stated in the law on Pesticide and Fertilizer. Cambodia will further develop the regulations on the procedure for BCA trade and use them later after the ASEAN Guidelines have been endorsed. • Indonesia has a new institution for pesticide regulation since 2010 which involves a Pesticide Committee (under the Ministry of Agriculture - MOA) consisting of various experts. Different types of usage of pesticides include crop protection, household, forestry, fisheries, etc. Registration is required for local production and use; export is regulated specifically. Other institutions involved are the Ministry of Trade; quarantine is under MOA. Usually, they do not analyse AI, even not for local products (supporting documents are required only). There are around 200 applications for products per year. • Lao PDR: Registration of products is done through the DOA in Vientiane. No characterisation and 41 testing are done locally; if necessary, this is conducted abroad following FAO standards.
Implementing Biological Control Agents in the ASEAN Region
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